Operators in c language with example
Operators in C language are symbols or characters that perform various operations on one or more operands. Here are some of the commonly used operators in C language with examples:
1. Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
int c = a + b; // Addition
int d = a - b; // Subtraction
int e = a * b; // Multiplication
int f = a / b; // Division
int g = a % b; // Modulus
2. Relational Operators:
Relational operators are used to compare the values of two operands.
Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
if (a > b) {
printf("a is greater than b\n");
}
if (a == b) {
printf("a and b are equal\n");
}
if (a != b) {
printf("a and b are not equal\n");
}
3. Logical Operators:
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT.
Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
if (a > 0 && b > 0) {
printf("Both a and b are positive\n");
}
if (a > 0 || b > 0) {
printf("At least one of a or b is positive\n");
}
if (!(a == b)) {
printf("a and b are not equal\n");
}
4. Assignment Operators:
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
a += b; // a = a + b
b -= 2; // b = b - 2
a *= 2; // a = a * 2
b /= 2; // b = b / 2
5. Increment and Decrement Operators:
Increment and decrement operators are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one.
Example:
int a = 10;
a++; // a = a + 1
++a; // a = a + 1 (pre-increment)
a--; // a = a - 1
--a; // a = a - 1 (pre-decrement)
6. Bitwise Operators:
Bitwise operators are used to perform operations on the binary representation of numbers.
Example:
unsigned int a = 60; // binary: 0011 1100
unsigned int b = 13; // binary: 0000 1101
unsigned int c = 0;
c = a & b; // bitwise AND (binary: 0000 1100)
c = a | b; // bitwise OR (binary: 0011 1101)
c = a ^ b; // bitwise XOR (binary: 0011 0001)
c = ~a; // bitwise complement (binary: 1100 0011)
c = a << 2; // left shift (binary: 1111 0000)
c = a >> 2; // right shift (binary: 0000 1111)
7. Conditional Operator:
The conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. It is used to evaluate a condition and return a value based on the result of the condition.
Syntax: condition ? value1 : value2
Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
int c = (a > b) ? a : b;
// If a is greater than b, c will be assigned the value of a, otherwise c will be assigned the value of b.
8. Special Operators:
Special operators are the operators that do not fit into any of the other categories. Some of the special operators in C language are:
sizeof:
It is used to determine the size of a data type or variable in bytes.
Example:
int a = 10;
printf("Size of int data type: %ld bytes\n", sizeof(int));
printf("Size of variable a: %ld bytes\n", sizeof(a));
& (address of) and * (value at address):
& operator is used to get the memory address of a variable and * operator is used to access the value stored at that memory address.
Example:
int a = 10;
int *ptr = &a; // Assigns the address of variable a to pointer variable ptr
printf("Value of a: %d\n", a);
printf("Address of a: %p\n", &a);
printf("Value of a using pointer: %d\n", *ptr); // Accesses the value of a using pointer variable ptr
?: (null coalescing operator):
It is used to assign a default value to a variable if it is null or undefined.
Example:
int a = 0, b = 5;
int c = a ?: b; // If a is zero, c will be assigned the value of b, otherwise c will be assigned the value of a.
, (comma operator): It is used to separate multiple expressions in a single statement.
Example:
int a = 10, b = 5, c;
c = (a++, b++, a+b); // Evaluates a++, b++, and a+b in order and assigns the result to variable c
printf("Value of c: %d\n", c);
These are just a few examples of the many operators available in C language.
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